{ "schema_version": "1.0", "last_updated": "2026-08-25", "source": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/", "disclaimer": "Informational, not legal advice. Plug-in solar law evolves fast; verify with your utility and state authority.", "license": { "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "attribution": "PlugInSolarHub (pluginsolarhub.org)" }, "states": [ { "state": "Alabama", "slug": "alabama", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/alabama/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Alaska", "slug": "alaska", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 24, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/alaska/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Arizona", "slug": "arizona", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Strong sun, check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ "APS", "SRP" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/arizona/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Arkansas", "slug": "arkansas", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 13, "main_utilities": [ "Entergy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/arkansas/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "California", "slug": "california", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute yet, but SB 868 is live - passed the Senate and is on Assembly third reading", "status_badge_verbatim": "Bill pending — not law", "avg_rate_cents": 31, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/california/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-25", "legislation": { "bill": "SB 868 (Plug and Play Solar Act)", "status": "on_assembly_third_reading", "date": "2026-08-20", "effective": null, "sunset": "2030-01-01", "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "Underwriters Laboratories or equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory", "signed_by": null, "source_url": "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB868", "notes": "Introduced 5 January 2026 by Senator Wiener. Passed the Senate 35-1 on 21 April 2026. In the Assembly: amended 15 June 2026 and re-referred to Appropriations; placed on the suspense file 5 August 2026; reported from committee \"Do pass as amended\" (Ayes 11, Noes 0) with Assembly Rule 63 suspended on 17 August 2026; read second time and amended 17 and 18 August; read third time and amended, then ordered to third reading, on 20 August 2026. Not law. Caps a portable solar generation device at 1,200 W aggregated AC output per dwelling, requires certification as a plug-in photovoltaic system by Underwriters Laboratories or an equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory plus a certified feature that isolates the device to prevent backfeeding during an outage, and exempts it from interconnection requirements; a utility may require a simple online registration but the notification \"shall not require approval\" and no fee may be charged. The current text carries a sunset: \"This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2030, and as of that date is repealed.\" We have not found an express operative date in the current text, so we do not state when it would take effect. Verified against leginfo.legislature.ca.gov on 25 August 2026." } }, { "state": "Colorado", "slug": "colorado", "status": "Legal — signed (eff. 12 Aug 2026)", "status_badge_verbatim": "Legal — signed (eff. 12 Aug 2026)", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ "Xcel Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/colorado/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-01", "legislation": { "bill": "HB26-1007", "status": "signed", "date": "2026-05-07", "effective": "2026-08-12", "max_watts": 1920, "cert_required": "Safety standards established by the law; meter-collar adapters allowed", "signed_by": "Gov. Jared Polis", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/laws/session-laws/HB26-1007/127/download", "notes": "Highest U.S. plug-in cap: 1,920 W of output to the electric grid per address, per the definition at 40-2-140(1)(e)(I). A device of 391 W or less is additionally exempt under 40-2-140(5). Delayed to 1 January 2027: (6) sale of a device above 391 W that is not UL labelled and listed is prohibited; (7) covenants unreasonably prohibiting a device are void and a property owner may impose reasonable restrictions.", "effective_delayed": [ { "date": "2027-01-01", "provision": "40-2-140(6)", "summary": "Sale, lease or rental of a device above 391 W that is not UL labelled and listed is prohibited." }, { "date": "2027-01-01", "provision": "40-2-140(7)", "summary": "A covenant unreasonably prohibiting a portable-scale solar device is unenforceable and void as a matter of public policy; a property owner may still impose reasonable restrictions on notice, fire and overload precautions, and placement." } ], "watt_tiers": [ { "max_watts": 1920, "basis": "output to the electric grid", "provision": "40-2-140(1)(e)(I)", "effect": "No utility approval, interconnection paperwork or fee; must be labelled and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory." }, { "max_watts": 391, "basis": "output to the electric grid", "provision": "40-2-140(5)", "effect": "Additionally exempt from the state's solar PV installation requirements and from building-code provisions that would require changes to the building's wiring." } ], "certification_requirement": { "required": true, "provision": "Colo. Rev. Stat. 40-2-140", "quote": "labelled and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory", "standard_named": null, "effective": "2026-08-12", "source_url": "https://leg.colorado.gov/laws/session-laws/HB26-1007/127/download", "verified": "2026-08-02", "note": "Verbatim from the primary text. 'Nationally recognized testing laboratory' is the term used in 29 C.F.R. 1910.7; UL, CSA and Intertek/ETL are all NRTLs. A CE mark is a European self-declaration and is not an NRTL listing." } } }, { "state": "Connecticut", "slug": "connecticut", "status": "Signed — takes effect 1 Oct 2026", "status_badge_verbatim": "Signed — takes effect 1 Oct 2026", "avg_rate_cents": 29, "main_utilities": [ "Eversource", "United Illuminating" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/connecticut/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-01", "legislation": { "bill": "HB 5340", "status": "signed", "date": "2026-06-04", "effective": "2026-10-01", "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "Accredited testing laboratory (UL or equivalent)", "signed_by": "Gov. Ned Lamont", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/ACT/PA/PDF/2026PA-00127-R00HB-05340-PA.PDF", "notes": "Public Act 26-127 Sec. 9. 'Portable solar generation device' has a maximum POWER OUTPUT of not more than 1,200 watts, connects through a standard 120-volt AC outlet behind the customer's meter, and must meet the State Building Code, NEC (NFPA-70), IEEE 1547 and UL 1741. One device per meter. Sec. 9(a)(9) requires a consumer warning that generation exceeding on-site consumption is CHARGED TO THE CUSTOMER AS USAGE unless the customer has a net-metering meter. Does not exempt the device from the State Building Code, Fire Safety Code, State Fire Prevention Code or local ordinance.", "watt_tiers": [ { "max_watts": 1200, "basis": "power output", "provision": "PA 26-127 Sec. 9(a)(2)", "effect": "Exempt from interconnection-agreement requirements imposed by PURA; the utility may not require approval, charge a fee, or demand extra controls. One device per meter." } ], "certification_requirement": { "required": true, "provision": "Connecticut Public Act 26-127, Sec. 9(a)(7)", "quote": "is certified by Underwriters Laboratories or an equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory, and meets the requirements set forth in Underwriters Laboratories Standard Number 1741, as amended from time to time", "standard_named": "UL 1741", "effective": "2026-10-01", "source_url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/ACT/PA/PDF/2026PA-00127-R00HB-05340-PA.PDF", "verified": "2026-08-02", "note": "Verbatim from the primary text. 'Nationally recognized testing laboratory' is the term used in 29 C.F.R. 1910.7; UL, CSA and Intertek/ETL are all NRTLs. A CE mark is a European self-declaration and is not an NRTL listing." } } }, { "state": "Delaware", "slug": "delaware", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 17, "main_utilities": [ "Delmarva" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/delaware/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Florida", "slug": "florida", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Permissive climate, check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/florida/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Georgia", "slug": "georgia", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area", "avg_rate_cents": 14, "main_utilities": [ "Georgia Power" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/georgia/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Hawaii", "slug": "hawaii", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 42, "main_utilities": [ "Hawaiian Electric" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/hawaii/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Idaho", "slug": "idaho", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 11, "main_utilities": [ "Idaho Power" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/idaho/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Illinois", "slug": "illinois", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; SB 3104 passed committee 9-4 and second reading, stalled 2026-05-22 under Senate Rule 3-9(a) (not law)", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area", "avg_rate_cents": 17, "main_utilities": [ "ComEd", "Ameren" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/illinois/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-23", "legislation": { "bill": "SB 3104", "status": "stalled_after_second_reading", "date": "2026-01-29", "effective": null, "max_watts": 391, "cert_required": "Underwriters Laboratories or an equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory", "signed_by": null, "source_url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus?DocTypeID=SB&DocNum=3104&GAID=18&SessionID=114&LegID=165712", "notes": "Plug-in solar energy systems. Filed by Sen. Rachel Ventura 29 January 2026 with 17 Senate sponsors. Do Pass as Amended by Energy and Public Utilities 9-4 on 12 March 2026; second reading 25 March. Third-reading deadline extended three times (8, 15, 22 May) and on 22 May 2026 re-referred to Assignments under Senate Rule 3-9(a); no third reading and no floor vote. Three further procedural actions followed on 2 July 2026: Senate Floor Amendments 4, 5 and 7 were re-referred to Assignments under Senate Rule 3-9(b). The last substantive action remains 22 May 2026. Senate Committee Amendment No. 2 (adopted 12 March) exempts systems of 391 W or less to a receptacle outlet from building safety code and product listing provisions requiring alterations to premises, wiring or panels, and prohibits installation above 391 W until the NFPA adopts an NEC standard; UL or equivalent NRTL certification required; label required on systems manufactured on or after 1 January 2027, a violation being an unlawful practice under the Consumer Fraud Act; provider notification within 30 days; no net metering and no distributed generation rebate; HOAs, condominium associations and landlords may not prohibit. Verified against ilga.gov on 23 August 2026." } }, { "state": "Indiana", "slug": "indiana", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 16, "main_utilities": [ "Duke Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/indiana/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Iowa", "slug": "iowa", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 14, "main_utilities": [ "Alliant Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/iowa/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Kansas", "slug": "kansas", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 14, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/kansas/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Kentucky", "slug": "kentucky", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 13, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/kentucky/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Louisiana", "slug": "louisiana", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 12, "main_utilities": [ "Entergy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/louisiana/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Maine", "slug": "maine", "status": "Legal — signed (eff. Jul 15, 2026)", "status_badge_verbatim": "Legal — signed (eff. Jul 15, 2026)", "avg_rate_cents": 24, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/maine/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-01", "legislation": { "bill": "LD 1730", "status": "signed", "date": "2026-04-06", "effective": "2026-07-15", "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "UL or equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory", "signed_by": "Gov. Janet Mills", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?paper=SP0676&item=5&snum=132", "notes": "PL 2026 c.644, approved 6 April 2026, enacts 35-A MRSA 3475. An 'eligible system' is a plug-in photovoltaic or plug-in battery system with an EXPORT CAPACITY of 1,200 watts or less, listed or certified to UL 3700 or a comparable standard, using inverters configured to shut off within 0.2 seconds if power is disrupted. Subsection 3 sets the tiers in COMBINED INVERTER OUTPUT measured in alternating current: up to 420 W per service address with no further condition; above 420 W and up to 1,200 W each system must be installed by an electrician licensed in the State and use a dedicated circuit with a single outlet. Subsection 5: the customer must notify the utility on a form prescribed by the Commission within 30 days of installation; the utility may not deny a compliant installation. Subsection 4: an eligible system MAY NOT be used for net energy billing under 3209-A or 3209-B. Subsection 8: a customer installing on a structure they do not own must not compromise its integrity or violate state or local building, fire or zoning codes.", "watt_tiers": [ { "max_watts": 1200, "basis": "export capacity (definition) / combined inverter output in AC (capacity limits)", "provision": "35-A MRSA 3475(1)(A) and 3475(3)", "effect": "Above 420 W: must be installed by an electrician licensed in Maine, on a dedicated circuit with a single outlet, with notification to the utility within 30 days of installation. No interconnection application, agreement, study, fee or extra equipment. Not eligible for net energy billing." }, { "max_watts": 420, "basis": "combined inverter output, measured in alternating current", "provision": "35-A MRSA 3475(3)", "effect": "May be installed and operated by the customer with no electrician requirement, no dedicated-circuit requirement and no notification." } ], "certification_requirement": { "required": true, "provision": "35-A MRSA §3475(1)(A)", "quote": "Listed or certified in accordance with UL 3700, the Outline of Investigation for Interactive Plug-in Photovoltaic Equipment and Systems ... or ... a standard comparable to UL 3700 from a nationally recognized testing laboratory", "standard_named": "UL 3700", "effective": "2026-07-15", "source_url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?paper=SP0676&item=5&snum=132", "verified": "2026-08-02", "note": "Verbatim from the primary text. 'Nationally recognized testing laboratory' is the term used in 29 C.F.R. 1910.7; UL, CSA and Intertek/ETL are all NRTLs. A CE mark is a European self-declaration and is not an NRTL listing." } } }, { "state": "Maryland", "slug": "maryland", "status": "Legal — signed", "status_badge_verbatim": "Legal — signed", "avg_rate_cents": 17, "main_utilities": [ "Pepco", "BGE" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/maryland/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-01", "legislation": { "bill": "HB 1532", "status": "signed", "date": "2026-05-12", "effective": "2026-05-12", "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "UL certification or equivalent safety standard", "signed_by": "Gov. Wes Moore", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/chapters_noln/Ch_353_hb1532E.pdf", "notes": "Chapter 353 §7-321. A 'portable solar energy generating system' is LIMITED TO SUPPLYING A MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT OF NOT MORE THAN 1,200 WATTS BACK TO THE ELECTRIC SYSTEM OF THE BUILDING - the building's system, not the grid. One system per electric meter, residential use only. The system is NOT eligible for inclusion in meeting the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard and MAY NOT GENERATE RENEWABLE ENERGY CREDITS OF ANY TYPE.", "watt_tiers": [ { "max_watts": 1200, "basis": "power output back to the electric system of the building", "provision": "§7-321(A)(3)", "effect": "Not subject to §§ 7-306 and 7-306.1; the electric company may not require approval or charge a fee. One per meter, residential only. No RECs, does not count toward the RPS." } ], "certification_requirement": { "required": true, "provision": "Md. Public Utilities §7-321(A)(4)", "quote": "CERTIFIED BY UNDERWRITERS LABORATORY OR AN EQUIVALENT NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED TESTING LABORATORY", "standard_named": null, "effective": "2026-05-12", "source_url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2026RS/chapters_noln/Ch_353_hb1532E.pdf", "verified": "2026-08-02", "note": "Verbatim from the primary text. 'Nationally recognized testing laboratory' is the term used in 29 C.F.R. 1910.7; UL, CSA and Intertek/ETL are all NRTLs. A CE mark is a European self-declaration and is not an NRTL listing." } } }, { "state": "Massachusetts", "slug": "massachusetts", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute yet, but H.5175 is live - passed both chambers in different forms and sits in a conference committee", "status_badge_verbatim": "Bill pending — not law", "avg_rate_cents": 30, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/massachusetts/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-18", "legislation": { "bill": "H.5175 (Senate engrossed text S.3166; Senate Ways and Means draft S.3143)", "status": "in_conference_committee", "date": "2026-07-16", "effective": null, "max_watts": null, "cert_required": null, "signed_by": null, "source_url": "https://malegislature.gov/Bills/194/H5175", "notes": "House passed H.5175 on 26 February 2026, 128-27, Roll Call No. 141. Senate struck the text and substituted S.3143 on 1 July 2026, reprinted as S.3166, and passed it 32-8, Roll Call #205. House non-concurred on 16 July 2026; conference committee appointed the same day, Cusack-Michlewitz-Jones for the House and Barrett-Creem-Tarr for the Senate. No action since. The Legislature's own full-text search returns S.3166 as the only document in the 194th General Court containing the phrase 'plug-in solar', so the plug-in solar language sits in the Senate version that the House has not accepted. The section itself has not been read; no wattage limit or certification standard is recorded here. Verified against malegislature.gov on 18 August 2026." } }, { "state": "Michigan", "slug": "michigan", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; HB 5764 introduced 2026-03-19 and pending in the House Energy Committee (not law)", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area, higher rates", "avg_rate_cents": 19, "main_utilities": [ "DTE", "Consumers Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/michigan/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-23", "legislation": { "bill": "HB 5764", "status": "in_committee", "date": "2026-03-19", "effective": null, "max_watts": null, "cert_required": null, "signed_by": null, "source_url": "https://legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2026-HB-5764", "notes": "Amends 2008 PA 295 by adding sec. 115 on small portable solar generation devices. Introduced by Rep. Will Snyder 19 March 2026, read a first time and referred to the House Committee on Energy; 15 sponsors from both parties. Last recorded action 14 April 2026. Not reported out of committee. Verified against legislature.mi.gov on 23 August 2026." } }, { "state": "Minnesota", "slug": "minnesota", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ "Xcel Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/minnesota/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Mississippi", "slug": "mississippi", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 13, "main_utilities": [ "Entergy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/mississippi/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Missouri", "slug": "missouri", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 13, "main_utilities": [ "Ameren" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/missouri/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Montana", "slug": "montana", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 13, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/montana/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Nebraska", "slug": "nebraska", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 12, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/nebraska/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Nevada", "slug": "nevada", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ "NV Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/nevada/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "New Hampshire", "slug": "new-hampshire", "status": "Signed — takes effect 1 Jan 2027", "status_badge_verbatim": "Signed — takes effect 1 Jan 2027", "avg_rate_cents": 24, "main_utilities": [ "Eversource", "Unitil" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/new-hampshire/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-01", "legislation": { "bill": "SB 540", "status": "signed", "date": "2026-07-02", "effective": "2027-01-01", "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "Nationally recognized testing laboratory", "signed_by": "Gov. Kelly Ayotte", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/billText.aspx?id=1317&txtFormat=html&sy=2026", "notes": "Chapter 262. RSA 362-A:1-a, IV-a defines a 'plug-in solar generation system' as a movable photovoltaic system intended to EXCLUSIVELY offset a portion of onsite consumption, connected through a receptacle or other non-permanent wiring connection. RSA 362-A:10, IV: one system per metered customer with a MAXIMUM INVERTER OUTPUT of 1,200 watts AC. The utility may not require approval, an interconnection review or agreement, a fee, or extra equipment - but 362-A:10, II lets it develop a method for the customer to report the system's wattage AFTER installation, for notification purposes only. 362-A:10, V requires the Department of Energy to publish notice that connecting an unlisted system, or one installed contrary to the state building code or manufacturer instructions, MAY AFFECT HOMEOWNERS OR RENTERS INSURANCE COVERAGE. No HOA, covenant, condominium, landlord or tenant provision appears anywhere in the act.", "effective_delayed": [ { "date": null, "provision": "262:3 (RSA 155-A:16), commencing per 262:6", "summary": "The building code review board must amend the state building code to address buildings using a plug-in system. Takes effect only when the commissioner of the Department of Energy certifies to the Office of Legislative Services and the Secretary of State that a nationally recognized standard exists authorising plug-in solar systems to be safely connected to a building's electrical system. No deadline is set." } ], "watt_tiers": [ { "max_watts": 1200, "basis": "inverter output (AC)", "provision": "RSA 362-A:10, IV", "effect": "One system per metered customer. Exempt from interconnection requirements and agreements and from net energy metering under RSA 362-A:9. No utility approval, review, fee or additional utility-specified equipment." } ], "certification_requirement": { "required": true, "provision": "RSA 362-A:10, I", "quote": "Plug-in solar generation systems shall be certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory to meet nationally recognized safety standards applicable to distributed energy resources and plug-in solar generation systems", "standard_named": null, "effective": "2027-01-01", "source_url": "https://gc.nh.gov/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/billText.aspx?id=1317&txtFormat=html&sy=2026", "verified": "2026-08-02", "note": "Verbatim from the primary text. 'Nationally recognized testing laboratory' is the term used in 29 C.F.R. 1910.7; UL, CSA and Intertek/ETL are all NRTLs. A CE mark is a European self-declaration and is not an NRTL listing." } } }, { "state": "New Jersey", "slug": "new-jersey", "status": "Passed legislature — awaiting Governor", "status_badge_verbatim": "Passed legislature — awaiting Governor", "avg_rate_cents": 18, "main_utilities": [ "PSE\u0026G", "JCP\u0026L" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/new-jersey/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-01", "legislation": { "bill": "S2368 / A4836 (Garden State Balcony Solar Act)", "status": "passed_awaiting_governor", "date": "2026-06-30", "effective": null, "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "Nationally recognized testing laboratory", "signed_by": null, "source_url": "https://pub.njleg.state.nj.us/Bills/2026/S2500/2368_R3.HTM", "notes": "Garden State Plug-In Solar Act passed both chambers unanimously on June 30, 2026 (Senate 40-0, Assembly 79-0); awaiting Gov. Sherrill. Up to 1,200W systems; effective 6 months after enactment per bill text. To verify against NJ Legislature record before marking signed." } }, { "state": "New Mexico", "slug": "new-mexico", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/new-mexico/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "New York", "slug": "new-york", "status": "Passed legislature — awaiting Governor", "status_badge_verbatim": "Passed legislature — awaiting Governor", "avg_rate_cents": 25, "main_utilities": [ "Con Edison", "National Grid", "NYSEG" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/new-york/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-01", "legislation": { "bill": "A.9111C / S.8512C (Solar Up Now NY Act, promoted as the SUNNY Act)", "status": "passed_awaiting_governor", "date": "2026-05-28", "effective": null, "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "Accredited testing laboratory (e.g. UL); state fire code compliance", "signed_by": null, "source_url": "https://nyassembly.gov/leg/?Actions=Y&Memo=Y&Summary=Y&Text=Y&bn=A09111&term=2025", "notes": "A9111C / S8512C. The bill limits a device to 'supplying a maximum aggregate continuous AC INVERTER NAMEPLATE OUTPUT of not more than one thousand two hundred watts TO THE UTILITY ELECTRIC GRID'. Passed both chambers; no delivery to the Governor recorded as at 1 August 2026. Takes effect on the ninetieth day after becoming law.", "short_title_verbatim": "Solar Up Now NY Act", "effective_rule": "ninetieth day after it becomes law", "watt_tiers": [ { "max_watts": 1200, "basis": "AC inverter nameplate output to the utility electric grid", "provision": "A9111C §(ii)", "effect": "Would remove case-by-case utility approval for devices within the cap. Not law yet." } ] } }, { "state": "North Carolina", "slug": "north-carolina", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area", "avg_rate_cents": 14, "main_utilities": [ "Duke Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/north-carolina/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "North Dakota", "slug": "north-dakota", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 12, "main_utilities": [ "Xcel Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/north-dakota/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Ohio", "slug": "ohio", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; HB 755 pending in the House Energy Committee, not reported out (not law)", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area", "avg_rate_cents": 16, "main_utilities": [ "FirstEnergy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/ohio/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-23", "legislation": { "bill": "HB 755", "status": "in_committee", "date": null, "effective": null, "max_watts": null, "cert_required": null, "signed_by": null, "source_url": "https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/136/hb755", "notes": "Regards portable solar generation devices; amends 4928.01 and enacts 4928.74, 4928.741 and 4928.742. Primary sponsors Tristan Rader and Chris Glassburn. The official tracker shows Introduced In House and In House Committee (House Energy Committee) completed; Reported By Committee not reached. Secondary coverage describing it as in the Senate Energy Committee is not supported by the official page. Verified against legislature.ohio.gov on 23 August 2026." } }, { "state": "Oklahoma", "slug": "oklahoma", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 13, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/oklahoma/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Oregon", "slug": "oregon", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 13, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/oregon/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Pennsylvania", "slug": "pennsylvania", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute; HB 1971 was referred to committee in October 2025 and has not moved since", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area", "avg_rate_cents": 18, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/pennsylvania/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-18", "legislation": { "bill": "HB 1971", "status": "referred_to_committee", "date": "2025-10-28", "effective": null, "max_watts": null, "cert_required": null, "signed_by": null, "source_url": "https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/hb1971", "notes": "Introduced by Rep. Chris Pielli, D-156, with 38 co-sponsors. Sponsorship memo titled 'Reducing Barriers to Plug-In Solar'. Amends Title 66 (Public Utilities) to provide definitions and provisions for portable solar. Referred to the House Energy Committee on 28 October 2025, printer's number 2530. That remains the last recorded action; no votes and no committee meetings. Verified against palegis.us on 18 August 2026." } }, { "state": "Rhode Island", "slug": "rhode-island", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 29, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/rhode-island/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "South Carolina", "slug": "south-carolina", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ "Duke Energy", "Dominion Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/south-carolina/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "South Dakota", "slug": "south-dakota", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 13, "main_utilities": [ "Xcel Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/south-dakota/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Tennessee", "slug": "tennessee", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 13, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/tennessee/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Texas", "slug": "texas", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/texas/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Utah", "slug": "utah", "status": "Legal — signed (HB 340)", "status_badge_verbatim": "Legal — signed (HB 340)", "avg_rate_cents": 11, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/utah/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-01", "legislation": { "bill": "HB 340", "status": "signed", "date": "2025-03", "effective": "2025-05-07", "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "UL or equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory", "signed_by": "Gov. Spencer Cox", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/enrolled/HB0340.pdf", "notes": "H.B. 340 (2025) amends 54-15-102 and enacts 54-15-601. A 'portable solar generation device' HAS A MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT OF NOT MORE THAN 1,200 WATTS, connects through a standard 120-volt AC outlet, meets the most recent National Electrical Code and is certified by UL or an equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory. It is expressly excluded from the definition of 'customer generation system', so net metering does not apply to it.", "watt_tiers": [ { "max_watts": 1200, "basis": "power output", "provision": "54-15-102(13)(a)", "effect": "Exempt from the interconnection requirements of 54-15-106 and from an interconnection agreement under 54-15-103; not subject to net metering. The electrical corporation may not require approval, charge a fee, or demand extra equipment." } ], "certification_requirement": { "required": true, "provision": "Utah Code 54-15-102(13)(e)", "quote": "is certified by Underwriters Laboratories or an equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory", "standard_named": null, "effective": "2025-05-07", "source_url": "https://le.utah.gov/Session/2025/bills/enrolled/HB0340.pdf", "verified": "2026-08-02", "note": "Verbatim from the primary text. 'Nationally recognized testing laboratory' is the term used in 29 C.F.R. 1910.7; UL, CSA and Intertek/ETL are all NRTLs. A CE mark is a European self-declaration and is not an NRTL listing." } } }, { "state": "Vermont", "slug": "vermont", "status": "Legal — signed (eff. Jul 1, 2026)", "status_badge_verbatim": "Legal — signed (eff. Jul 1, 2026)", "avg_rate_cents": 21, "main_utilities": [ "Green Mountain Power" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/vermont/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-03", "legislation": { "bill": "S.202", "status": "signed", "date": "2026-06-16", "effective": "2026-07-01", "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "UL or equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory", "certification_requirement": { "required": true, "provision": "30 V.S.A. § 201(9)(C), as added by Act 149 Sec. 1", "quote": "complies with UL 3700 for plug-in photovoltaic systems by UL Solutions or an equivalent certification by an equivalent Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory for use in the United States and is installed and operated in compliance with IEEE 1547-2018 and any successor standard", "standard_named": "UL 3700", "effective": "2026-07-01", "source_url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2026/Docs/ACTS/ACT149/ACT149%20As%20Enacted.pdf", "verified": "2026-08-03", "mechanism": "definitional", "note": "The certification sits inside the definition of 'plug-in photovoltaic device' at 30 V.S.A. § 201(9), not in a prohibition. A device without UL 3700 or equivalent is not a plug-in photovoltaic device under the Act, so it does not receive the § 256 exemptions and falls back to section 248, an interconnection agreement and Public Utility Commission jurisdiction. Act 149 (S.202) signed 16 June 2026; Sec. 6 sets one effective date, 1 July 2026, for the whole act - checked because Virginia's legislation.effective and certification_requirement.effective differ by six months." }, "signed_by": "Gov. Phil Scott", "source_url": "https://governor.vermont.gov/press-release/action-taken-governor-phil-scott-legislation-june-16-2026", "notes": "S.202 signed by Gov. Phil Scott on June 16, 2026 (7th state to sign); plug-in provisions effective July 1, 2026. Up to a combined 1,200W per electric meter with certified equipment; no certificate of public good, interconnection agreement, or extra utility fees. Correction 2026-07-02: earlier records said awaiting governor — the Governor\u0027s office confirms signing on June 16, 2026. Sec. 2 (30 V.S.A. \u00a7 256(a)) also requires that plug-in photovoltaic devices 'shall only be connected to systems using smart meters', and that the customer ensure the device is temporarily but securely attached to the ground or a structure. Verified against Act 149 As Enacted on 3 August 2026." } }, { "state": "Virginia", "slug": "virginia", "status": "Signed — takes effect 1 Jan 2027", "status_badge_verbatim": "Signed — takes effect 1 Jan 2027", "avg_rate_cents": 14, "main_utilities": [ "Dominion Energy" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/virginia/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-01", "legislation": { "bill": "HB 395 / SB 250", "status": "signed", "date": "2026-04-22", "effective": "2026-07-01", "max_watts": 1200, "cert_required": "UL or equivalent", "signed_by": "Gov. Abigail Spanberger", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title56/chapter23/section56-596.8/", "notes": "Cap is 1,200 W of power output per customer, or per residential building unit in multi-family housing (56-596.8(A)). Second tier at 391 W of output to the receptacle outlet. From 1 January 2027 the customer MUST notify the utility on a State Corporation Commission form before installing; the utility has 15 days to review. 15.2-2288.7(F) expressly preserves recorded covenants, condominium instruments and POA declarations - Virginia does NOT override HOAs. No provision applies to a rental unit on a ratio utility billing system.", "effective_delayed": [ { "date": "2027-01-01", "provision": "56-596.8", "summary": "Exemption from interconnection requirements, utility approval and fees; prior notification to the utility on an SCC form is required." }, { "date": "2027-01-01", "provision": "55.1-1212.1", "summary": "A landlord owning more than four rental units may not prohibit a tenant from installing a device on the exterior of the tenant's premises, subject to reasonable restrictions and seven days' notice." }, { "date": "2027-01-01", "provision": "15.2-2288.7", "summary": "A locality may not prohibit the use of a device on a residential structure. Subsection (F) expressly preserves private covenants and POA declarations." } ], "watt_tiers": [ { "max_watts": 1200, "basis": "power output", "provision": "56-596.8(A)(i)", "effect": "Exempt from interconnection requirements and net energy metering provisions; no utility approval and no fee, but prior notification is required." }, { "max_watts": 391, "basis": "power output to the receptacle outlet", "provision": "56-596.8(A)", "effect": "Additionally exempt from product listing provisions that would require alterations to the building's premises, wiring or electrical panels." } ], "certification_requirement": { "required": true, "provision": "Va. Code §56-596.8(A)(v)", "quote": "is certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, as described in 29 C.F.R. § 1910.7, or an equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory", "standard_named": null, "effective": "2027-01-01", "source_url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title56/chapter23/section56-596.8/", "verified": "2026-08-02", "note": "Verbatim from the primary text. 'Nationally recognized testing laboratory' is the term used in 29 C.F.R. 1910.7; UL, CSA and Intertek/ETL are all NRTLs. A CE mark is a European self-declaration and is not an NRTL listing." } } }, { "state": "Washington", "slug": "washington", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Low rates, gray area", "avg_rate_cents": 11, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/washington/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "West Virginia", "slug": "west-virginia", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 15, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/west-virginia/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Wisconsin", "slug": "wisconsin", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 17, "main_utilities": [ "Alliant Energy", "We Energies" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/wisconsin/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "Wyoming", "slug": "wyoming", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute as of 2026-06", "status_badge_verbatim": "Gray area - check utility", "avg_rate_cents": 12, "main_utilities": [ "Rocky Mountain Power" ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/wyoming/", "last_reviewed": "2026-06-14", "legislation": null }, { "state": "District of Columbia", "slug": "district-of-columbia", "status": "general interconnection rules apply; no plug-in-specific statute; B26-0602 (GRID Amendment Act of 2026) is under Council review and, as introduced, sets no power cap", "status_badge_verbatim": "Bill pending — not law", "avg_rate_cents": null, "main_utilities": [ ], "page_url": "https://pluginsolarhub.org/state-legality/district-of-columbia/", "last_reviewed": "2026-08-19", "legislation": { "bill": "B26-0602 (GRID Amendment Act of 2026)", "status": "in_council_review", "date": "2026-02-24", "effective": null, "max_watts": null, "cert_required": "National Electrical Code + Underwriters Laboratories or equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory", "signed_by": null, "source_url": "https://lims.dccouncil.gov/Legislation/B26-0602", "notes": "Introduced 24 February 2026 by Councilmember Allen with Frumin, Lewis George, Nadeau, Parker, Pinto and R. White. Referred to the Committee on Transportation and the Environment 3 March 2026; public hearing 26 March 2026. Adds a new subsection defining a portable solar generation device and exempting it from interconnection and net-metering requirements unless the owner opts in; the Electric Company may not require approval, a fee, or extra controls, and is not liable. The device must meet the most recent National Electrical Code, be certified by UL or an equivalent nationally recognized testing laboratory, and include an anti-islanding feature. As introduced the bill sets no power cap - no wattage limit appears in the provision. Status: Under Council Review, no vote recorded. Verified against lims.dccouncil.gov on 19 August 2026." } } ] }